Inorganic nanomaterial lubricant additives for base fluids, to improve tribological performance: Recent developments

Abstract In this paper, we review recent research developments regarding the tribological performances of a series inorganic nano-additives in lubricating fluids. First, examine several basic types nanomaterials, including metallic nanoparticles, metal oxides, carbon and “other” nanomaterials. More specifically, nanoparticles include silver, copper, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten nanoparticles; oxides CuO, ZnO, Fe 3 O 4 , TiO 2 ZrO Al double-metal oxides; nanomaterials fullerene, quantum dots, nanotubes, graphene, graphene graphite, diamond; sulfides, rare-earth compounds, layered double hydroxides, clay minerals, hexagonal boron nitride, black phosphorus, nanocomposites. Second, summarize lubrication mechanisms these identify factors affecting their performance. Finally, briefly discuss challenges faced by applications future directions. This offers new perspectives to improve our understanding tribology, as well approaches expand practical applications.